Define "indictment."

• A. A plea bargain offered by the prosecution
• B. A formal complaint filed against a defendant
• C. A formal charge issued by a grand jury
• D. A type of trial verdict

Answer: (C)

An indictment is a formal charge issued by a grand jury, signifying that there is enough evidence to formally accuse an individual of a crime. This legal process is a critical part of the criminal justice system, ensuring that serious charges are supported by sufficient evidence before proceeding to trial. The grand jury, which is made up of citizens, reviews the evidence presented by the prosecution in secrecy and decides whether to issue the indictment, thereby initiating a criminal case against the defendant.

Understanding this definition highlights the role of the grand jury as a protective measure for individuals, ensuring that they are not unjustly charged without appropriate cause. The indictment is not a determination of guilt but rather an official step in the legal process indicating that a trial should occur based on the presented evidence. This process is foundational for maintaining checks and balances within the criminal justice system.